Interpersonal Communication for British Psychological Society

Question: Examine about theInterpersonal Communication for British Psychological Society. Answer: Presentation: Relational correspondence assumes a significant job in sending just as working of fruitful connections at work (Dixon, 1999). Relational correspondence in working environment is predominantly observed to include associations in fluctuating social circumstances not just among collaborators and even among the bosses and the subordinates. Relational correspondence, not just, has the intensity of building up the profitability of the association yet it likewise helps in powerful arrangement, relationship advancement and in peaceful settlements (Walker, 2011). This task will chiefly concentrate on the idea of relational correspondence and the various perspectives related with it. It will likewise delineate an impression of the occurrence that could have been dealt with successfully if powerful correspondence had been completed. Reflection: Igot a chance to lead a group during my temporary position a long time as my quick coach had part of desires from me. I needed to lead a group of six individuals who were likewise fresher like me. I was very eager to get the chance to lead a group and in this way in the wake of getting the primary assignments, I apportioned separate employment to the individual colleagues and requested that they start their work. Two of the individuals came to me the following day and expressed that the activity action given to every last one of them can't be finished effectively as they are not dexterous enough to finish the work. They really needed to state that they need to trade the activity jobs as they could play out the assignments which as given to the next. I got so fretful from their conversation, I cut them off expressing that I would prefer not to hear and reasons and they have to finish it when they could. My restless listening ability kept me from tuning in to the whole circumstance and I remarked without permitting them to finish their anxiety. This made them upset and they left the spot quickly without saying anything. On another example, two of another colleague moved toward me and recommended me to lead a group meeting for two significant purposes. They said that it would help in creating correspondence among the colleagues so everybody comes to know how others are moving toward their undertakings and how much time they would require to finish the assignment. They needed to recommend that as they were working exclusively, they can't create thoughts regarding what others are doing and this may bring about bungle of undertaking results. I didn't tune in to the recommendation totally and asked them not to sit around idly proposing various thoughts and to focus on their work exercises. These made them upset and they felt hurt. Exercises gained from frequency: In the event that I had tuned in to them appropriately, I could have known the whole situation. They could have traded their assignments for which the work could have finished with quality. Specialists have expressed that powerful listening abilities are amazingly useful in picking up data (Miller, 2012). In addition, undivided attention additionally gives people an opportunity to watch the mentalities and practices of the speaker that thus gives parcel of thoughts regarding the sentiments and worries of the speaker. In addition, it is additionally observed that undivided attention abilities help in creating trust among the workers. At the point when representatives hear each out different concerns and issues, it helps in creating bonds and passionate connections that thusly has the limit o create profitability and smooth work process. In addition, scientists have likewise expressed that such undivided attention assists with building up the notoriety of a decent expert as clients fee l that they are paid significance as well (Yourish Hargie, 2004). In different cases, supervisors and pioneers or even representatives need to create understanding listening abilities as that help in decreasing clash. Viable listening lessens the opportunity of disarray and in this manner forestalls any disappointment of errands (Mazuttis slawinski, 2008). Hence, in the event that I had accurately directed my undivided attention abilities, I could have tuned in to the worries of the colleagues and both their presentation and the task would not have fizzled. Ineffectual listening influences the spirit of the representatives as they feel that they are not paid significance to or that their interests are not tended to. As I didn't hear them out, they felt that I am ride and that I am not worried about their issues. Relational communicational abilities: Relational correspondence aptitude can be characterized as the system for the statement of emotions, musings, data, thoughts just as data. This sort of correspondence can be directed in two different ways like the verbal route just as the non-verbal way (Issac, 1999). Scientists are of the supposition that relational correspondence is useful in setting up connections between two individuals along these lines helping them in shaping bonds. Much the same as verbal correspondence is significant for the sharing of data, creating relationship, beating disarray and goals of contentions, verbal relational abilities are likewise seen as significant. Specialists are of the feeling that non-verbal aptitudes are successful in understanding the non-verbal communication of the contrary individual alongside their motions, outward appearances, style, quiet and numerous others (Fairhurst, 2008). Both the types of interchanges are likewise particularly significance in creating relations, understandin g the power of the circumstances, indicating compassion and compassion, interfacing genuinely and numerous others. Advantages: All these assistance in representative commitment and worker resolve that help people to defeat any worries or issues they are confronting. Frequently successful relational abilities keep representatives from wearing out and in this way help in work fulfillment and higher maintenance (Gergen, Gergen Barrett, 2004). Tuning in and dealings aptitudes are likewise significant for business associations as that have the ability to conquer extensive stretches of contentions and help individuals to arrange and go to an answer. This guarantees smooth work process and higher profitability. Likewise higher emphaticness abilities are significant for impacting others and these aides in propelling workers and cause them to line up with the hierarchical targets and objectives. Such abilities have the capacity to make individuals work past their latent capacity and consequently every expert ought to grow such aptitudes of correspondence. Scientists have expressed that relational abilities are in rea lity significant in making also s creating connections, settling on new choices, tackling issues and numerous others (Gerard nEllinor, 2001). Articulation of feelings and requirements, convincing others, impacting and persuading them must be accomplished by viable relational abilities. It has been seen that those experts who have great relational aptitudes are progressively sure just as hopeful in correlations with others. Such abilities help experts not exclusively to keep up polished methodology yet in addition create bonds with others in the working environment by interfacing genuinely and taking an interest in every others times of emergency (Douglas, 1982). This guarantees trust among the representative helping them to take part in cooperation and meeting up the slacks of one another, at last aiding in accomplishment of the general activities of the authoritative objectives (Eisenberg, goodall Trethaway, 1993). In addition, keeping up the correct non-verbal communication and be ing socially able in relational abilities and systems are critical while collaborating with socially various people (Eunson, 2012). End: From the whole conversation, it turns out to be certain that viable relational correspondence has countless advantages in the working environment. It causes pioneers to deal with his group viably by sharing worries of the subordinates and helping them to line up with authoritative objectives. It guarantees improvement of holding among representatives helping them in enthusiastic association and in this way conquering remaining task at hand and weights. Also, authoritative working, arranging, exchanges and others and possibly be directed effectively when people includes have powerful relational abilities. Co-appointment and compromise are just accomplished through viable correspondence guaranteeing higher profitability. Group building and representative spirit are additionally evolved. Compelling tuning in and input sharing are two significant parts of correspondence. Each association ought to in this manner attempt to accomplish compelling correspondence credits to arrive at their ob jectives. References: Dixon, N. M. (1998). Exchange at work: Making talk formative for individuals and organizations.London: Lemos Crane. Douglas, J.(1982), A'systems' point of view to conduct meeting in schools: an individual view, Bulletin of the British Psychological Society,35, 195-7. Downs, C. W., Adrian, A. D. (2012).Assessing authoritative correspondence: Strategic correspondence reviews. Guilford Press. Dwyer, J. 2012, The Business Communication Handbook, ninth edn, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest. (Accessible through UTS Library Open Reserve) Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall, H. L., Trethewey, A. (1993).Organizational correspondence: Balancing innovativeness and requirement. New York: St. Martin's Press. Eunson, B. (2012).Communicating in the 21st Century, John Wiley Sons., third ed., Wiley, Milton QLD. Gerard, G., Ellinor, L. (2001).Dialogue at work: Skills for utilizing aggregate comprehension. Pegasus Communications. Pegasus Communications, Waltham, MA. Gergen, K.J., Gergen, M.M. Barret, F.J. 2004, 'Exchange: Life and Death of the Organization', in D. Award, C. Tough, C. Oswick L. Putnam (eds),The Sage Handbook of Organizational Discourse, Sage, London, pp. 39-59. Fairhurst, G. T. (2008). Desultory initiative: A correspondence option in contrast to authority psychology.Management Communication Quarterly,21(4), 510-521. Isaacs, W.N. 1999, Dialog and the Art of Thinking Together: A Pioneer

Conventional architectural theoray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Traditional engineering theoray - Essay Example Magnificence lies in the capability of the relevant psyche to uncover endorsed shows from the coterminous world, consequently making straightforward aggregate instrument of the ideal contraption. It comes as no stunner that dynamic innovators regularly took a forceful position to the networks they lived and worked in. the innovator architect’s pioneer engineer progressivism normally added up to elitism and paternalism. In any case, starting today, engineering has gotten basically refined and opposing in its very inclusion of the customary Vitruvian parts of product, resoluteness, and delight. Directly, the requirements of projects, structure, mechanical device, and enunciation, even in lone structures in plain points of view, are different and clashing in manners initially inconceivable. â€Å"Orthodox Modern models have would in general perceive unpredictability inadequacy of inconsistency.†1 Thereby in their push to break with show and start all finished, once more, t hese designs romanticized the early stage and fundamental to the detriment of the fluctuated and the aggravated. Precious stone Palace Joseph Paxton’s structure for the Crystal Palace in London during the 1850s was both inventive and cutting edge in its plan. Other than being a wonderful structure to take a gander at, the plan of the Crystal Palace too offered ascend to expanding philosophical and ideological deduction on the scope of glass as a building material. Smith consequently opines: â€Å"building materials in the cutting edge are accepted hugeness in engineering hypothesis that had not had in the past.†2 The very thought of using building plan as an ideological image has recently by and by become a theme of theoretical appraisal, in spite of the fact that its inserted use as a political articulation goes back the extent that the craftsmanship structure itself. The perceptual usage of glass as a portrayal of vision grants for a versatility of evaluation that in cludes taking a gander at, being gazed at, and gazing at while being looked at. The Crystal Palace is respected an image of the advancement towards innovation, a fenced in area for the show of significant worth items that imitated Walter Benjamin’s idea of exhibitory esteem. Then again, Bentham’s Panopticon, suggesting that whist that structures with the express capacity of allowing everybody to be seen, the Crystal Palace was rather planned so everyone inside could see out. By the by there is sense that the political elements of engineering are secretive. Engineering can and should be investigated as ideological undercurrents; anyway the slip-up lays on assuming ideological aim among fashioners. For the Crystal Palace, it is sufficiently easy to see that glass capacities ideologically for pundits. Loews Philadelphia Hotel(PSFS Building Plan) The development of the PSFS Building was planned as resistance to congruity for its modelers, Philadelphians to be specific Geor ge Howe and William Lescaze. The structure is imaginative in each record. A circular segment establishment starting on the road level and climbs five stories above level: a T-molded arrangement surfaces, held up from the establishment, lodging 32 stories of office space. The levels have opposite stream at the intersection of the T-shape. The road level sketch, in light of the hearty economy of the mid 1920s and the raise of industrialism, is submitted for all intents and purposes about to retail. The bended exterior draws in supporters and is invited

5 Reasons Why Every Blogger Should Use MindMeister - Focus

5 Reasons Why Every Blogger Should Use MindMeister - Focus This is a guest post by Emily Dumas. Emily is a social media consultant and aspiring blogger from Massachusetts. You can follow her on Twitter or check out her new blog at www.emilyriane.com where she writes about social media, lifestyle and trends. As any successful blogger will tell you, organization is one of the key aspects of having a blog. You can mark-up your planners and make endless to-do lists, but how do you organize your evolving thought process? For me, jotting down notes can be useful but also so confusing! Ive occasionally entered what I thought was a great idea as a note into my iPhone; but then when I go back and read it I have no idea what my thoughts really were. This is where MindMeister comes in. MindMeister is an online mind mapping tool that lets you visualize your thoughts and map out content ideas on a canvas. Here are 5 reasons why I love MindMeister and why I think every blogger should give it a try: 1. You can completely outline your blog posts Have you ever had a thought that you just knew would be a great post? On MindMeister you can create a node  of your map solely dedicated to that thought. For example, my main mind map is simply called Blog Topics. The name is written in the center of the map and my various blog topics  just branch out from there. On my blog I recently published a post  about the new app beme. Before I started writing the article itself, I created  a new  node  for beme  in my mind map and then mapped out  all the specific topics I wanted to cover in the  article. As you can see below,  I used simple keywords to outline and structure the entire article (note: some were edited out). 2. You can add start    due dates This can be super useful if you are doing a specific series on your blog. I usually set dates up so that they remind me when to  start individual  posts and when to draft/edit/publish them. This allows me to apply my mind map to my editorial calendar  and keep posts on a perfect  schedule. Of course, you can also do it for individual posts. Knowing exactly when to start an article and when to post it helps you create a deliberate schedule which leaves plenty of interim time to edit your heart out. 3. You can insert photos right into your map Lets say you want to write a  post about a trip you took and you have different sub-sections  that require lots of fun pictures. With MindMeister you can not only map out your entire vacation and highlight the parts you want to touch on  in the post, but you can also include all the pictures you want to use  in the map so you don’t forget any when it comes time to publish your post. To upload and attach images to your topics  you do need to have an upgraded account but it is a really useful feature  if you are photo-heavy on your blog! 4. It can really help you with your brainstorming sessions One thing I have learned is that if you dont brainstorm and get all of your thoughts out, you have the potential to miss something HUGE. That can be said for  a blog post, a thesis paper or even a simple email. I cant put enough emphasis on how crucial brainstorming is… So go brainstorm! By using MindMeister to do it, you can create a node for  your central thought and  then branch off from there to note down  all the related thoughts/keywords/links etc. that come to mind. The mind map format seems ideal for this kind of brain dump as it creates a natural  flow of ideas and lets you grow your outline organically. 5. You can share your mind maps with anybody Even If youre not a blogger, sharing your mind map with people is a great option. You can show others your thought process or outlines and get feedback through comments and votes. If your blog is run by multiple authors  you can share each others mind maps to work together on creating the best posts for your audience. In order to share a map you just need to go to the  bottom footer of the map  and click the Share Map button. You will then be allowed to enter e-mail addresses and can send your mind map on its way! To summarize If you want to keep your thought process as organized as possible and visually outline your blog posts, then using  MindMeister is probably a good choice for you. You can download its mobile apps for  free from the Google Play Store and Apples App Store, or access its web version online. It has definitely helped me with the organization of my blog and I hope it will  help you, too! 5 Reasons Why Every Blogger Should Use MindMeister - Focus This is a guest post by Emily Dumas. Emily is a social media consultant and aspiring blogger from Massachusetts. You can follow her on Twitter or check out her new blog at www.emilyriane.com where she writes about social media, lifestyle and trends. As any successful blogger will tell you, organization is one of the key aspects of having a blog. You can mark-up your planners and make endless to-do lists, but how do you organize your evolving thought process? For me, jotting down notes can be useful but also so confusing! Ive occasionally entered what I thought was a great idea as a note into my iPhone; but then when I go back and read it I have no idea what my thoughts really were. This is where MindMeister comes in. MindMeister is an online mind mapping tool that lets you visualize your thoughts and map out content ideas on a canvas. Here are 5 reasons why I love MindMeister and why I think every blogger should give it a try: 1. You can completely outline your blog posts Have you ever had a thought that you just knew would be a great post? On MindMeister you can create a node  of your map solely dedicated to that thought. For example, my main mind map is simply called Blog Topics. The name is written in the center of the map and my various blog topics  just branch out from there. On my blog I recently published a post  about the new app beme. Before I started writing the article itself, I created  a new  node  for beme  in my mind map and then mapped out  all the specific topics I wanted to cover in the  article. As you can see below,  I used simple keywords to outline and structure the entire article (note: some were edited out). 2. You can add start    due dates This can be super useful if you are doing a specific series on your blog. I usually set dates up so that they remind me when to  start individual  posts and when to draft/edit/publish them. This allows me to apply my mind map to my editorial calendar  and keep posts on a perfect  schedule. Of course, you can also do it for individual posts. Knowing exactly when to start an article and when to post it helps you create a deliberate schedule which leaves plenty of interim time to edit your heart out. 3. You can insert photos right into your map Lets say you want to write a  post about a trip you took and you have different sub-sections  that require lots of fun pictures. With MindMeister you can not only map out your entire vacation and highlight the parts you want to touch on  in the post, but you can also include all the pictures you want to use  in the map so you don’t forget any when it comes time to publish your post. To upload and attach images to your topics  you do need to have an upgraded account but it is a really useful feature  if you are photo-heavy on your blog! 4. It can really help you with your brainstorming sessions One thing I have learned is that if you dont brainstorm and get all of your thoughts out, you have the potential to miss something HUGE. That can be said for  a blog post, a thesis paper or even a simple email. I cant put enough emphasis on how crucial brainstorming is… So go brainstorm! By using MindMeister to do it, you can create a node for  your central thought and  then branch off from there to note down  all the related thoughts/keywords/links etc. that come to mind. The mind map format seems ideal for this kind of brain dump as it creates a natural  flow of ideas and lets you grow your outline organically. 5. You can share your mind maps with anybody Even If youre not a blogger, sharing your mind map with people is a great option. You can show others your thought process or outlines and get feedback through comments and votes. If your blog is run by multiple authors  you can share each others mind maps to work together on creating the best posts for your audience. In order to share a map you just need to go to the  bottom footer of the map  and click the Share Map button. You will then be allowed to enter e-mail addresses and can send your mind map on its way! To summarize If you want to keep your thought process as organized as possible and visually outline your blog posts, then using  MindMeister is probably a good choice for you. You can download its mobile apps for  free from the Google Play Store and Apples App Store, or access its web version online. It has definitely helped me with the organization of my blog and I hope it will  help you, too!

The Benefits of Authoritative Parenting Style - 621 Words

A child will either grow up in authoritative or authoritarian parenting. What are they? Authoritative is the style where the parents combine warmth and affection with firm limits on a child. Authoritarian is the style of parenting in which the parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child. A child who grows up in authoritative household will have parents who understand them and are willing to listen to them when they have problems. The parents will show that they love their child unlike authoritarian. With authoritarian they will just not care. They’ll think that you are going through a phase and pay no mind to it. Authoritative parenting is a better parenting style than authoritarian. Authoritative parentings are not harsh on their rules as authoritarian parenting. With authoritative parenting there is a balance of what the child can or cannot do. These parents tend to listen to the child if they do not agree with the rules and so the parents try to m eet somewhere in the middle with the child so they can agree on something, but if they child does not obey by the rules then there are some consequences. Their punishments aren’t based on physical punishment it’s more like they would have restrictions, time-out, or maybe a loss of privileges. For example, my parents are authoritative, they give me a certain time to come back home and if I don’t listen I’m not allowed to go out until in a couple of weeks. Now with authoritarian they tend to be strict,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Different Methods That Parents Use to Raise Their Children1576 Words   |  7 Pages Therefore, parents need to make wise choices in the way they raise their children. Since authoritative parenting proves to be the most beneficial to children and their development, parents need to adopt the strategies of this style in order to successfully raise their children. 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The work of Diana Baumrind, which is considered to be one of the most influential and well-studied theories of parenting behavior, was the first to identify three styles of parenting (Sclafani 44). These styles of parenting are called authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. This paper will furtherRead MoreImportance Of Parenting Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Parenting Styles There are many different types of parenting styles in the world today. The way one chooses to raise their children, can play a very big role in a child’s behavior and success within the future. In 1967, a woman named Diana Baumrind contributed to the knowledge in socioemotional development by studying and researching parenting styles. She originally stated that there are four types of parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful. EachRead MoreAs The Social, Emotional, And Academic Effects Can Vary1133 Words   |  5 Pagesvary in adolescents, the choice of parenting style should be an informed decision. Parenting style is â€Å"the emotional climate in which the parents’ behavior toward their children is expressed. It is in the context of this emotional climate that parents’ behavior influences children’s personality, consequently affecting their academic performance in school† (Litali). Psychologist Diana Baumrind id entified four parenting styles based upon two aspects of parenting behavior, control and warmth or emotionalRead MoreHow Does Parenting Affect Children? Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages How Does Parenting Affect Children? All parents have their own methods of raising their children. Some parents are more lenient, some strict, and some are absent entirely. What effect does this have on the children as they grow into adulthood? Studies have shown that different parenting styles can affect a child’s psychological development as well as the child’s overall psychological well-being. Parenting style can determine whether the child will have issues such as problematic behavior or poorRead MoreThe 4 Parenting Styles : What These Styles Are And How They Affect Children Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior however, It should be addressed that different parenting styles can also effect child behavior and that these parenting styles are categorized into four distinctive styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Maryann Rosenthal, author of â€Å"The 4 Parenting Styles: What Works and What Doesn’t† describes what these styles are and how they affect children. First off, Rosenthal describes that each parenting style has two main components which are responsiveness and

Biography Of Arnold Gesell s Work With Mental Health...

The majority of whatever we recognize presently on how kids grow up and therefore do well stems from formative theorists such as Arnold Gesell. His background, efforts as well as hypotheses will be laid out on this essay. The concept of a child development basic principle signifies the thoughts associated with early founders within the discipline pertaining to children along with their development, such as their intellectual, physical and emotional growth. A great deal of the procedure worth mentioning researchers, specialists as well as other professionals continue to impacts the instructional, physical and mental method to kids these days, like Jean Piaget s concept about the sector of proximal development or B.F. Skinner s work with mental health treatment. Arnold Gesell came into this world on June 21, 1880 in Alma, Wisconsin. Arnold Gesell was keen on child development while studying at Clark University in Worcester, MA, and therefore researching under professor G. Stanley Hall, a very early psychologist. Arnold Gesell acquired his doctorate from Clark in 1906, after that continued to research at the Yale Psycho-Clinic in New Haven, CT. Arnold Gesell eventually earned a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) from Yale in 1915, a training he familiar with research of his interest, child development. On 1926, Arnold Gesell found a video camera and then produced a good revolutionary approach: which he could possibly develop regulated conditions and apply the camera and then aShow MoreRelatedPsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pageshead to the very tip of the toes. Soranuss main reason was to guide the infants growth, to protect it from growing crooked or lame. a. true b. false B. Middle Ages 2. People in the Middle Ages were interested in and concerned for the health and well-being of infants and children. Were they interested to the same degree in the psychology of infants and children? For example, did they understand that children are psychologically different from adults? If yes, how did they show this? If

Things Fall Apart Free Essays

Jordan Knoke English 102 Ember Smith 21 June 2010 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe writes a fascinating book, Things Fall Apart, where he talks about the struggle of a man, Okonkwo, who lives between the pride of his culture and the pride of his manhood. Achebe is from, where the novel originates, Nigeria. Achebe has been one of the most influential and important authors in African history. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is very important to get a view from a native African’s point of view: a person who has seen what has gone on and experienced the trials and wars of Nigeria and other African countries. The Igbo religion was the primary religion in the village where the story is set. Okonkwo who has been in the village of Umofia for his entire life, starts to see the tribe transpire and shift away from its normal beliefs. This happens when Christian missionaries arrive in the country to try and turn the people of Umofia and other tribes to their religion of Christianity. Nigeria during this time was in difficult times because they were under the rule by Great Britain. Achebe does a wonderful job in the book describing how much of an influence the outsiders had. The culture, religion, ethics, spirit, war, peace, and labor are some of the words that describe this book in a nutshell. Things Fall Apart is a book of knowledge and discipline. These two characteristics are an underlying occurrence in the book. Okonkwo is man who displays both of these qualities, thus, which leads to his downfall. Chinua Achebe, known for his bestselling novels, poems, and essays, was born in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria (Gerard). Achebe has been known for five great books, but the most read and talked about has been Things Fall Apart. Achebe’s books have been translated in some fifty languages. Especially in Africa and his homeland of Nigeria, Achebe is looked upon like a God and somebody that people can look up to. Achebe was very bright in his early years as a child; he began to learn English when he was only eight years old (Achebe). In 1948, Achebe went to University College in Nigeria to initially study medicine, but something made him change his mind (Achebe). He changed his major to English literary studies to practice the skills of becoming a writer and learn about the practices of English culture. After graduating from University College, Achebe went on to become a producer for a Nigerian broadcasting company. It was not till after that, in London, that Achebe would truly find his talent of writing. One of his teachers in London had requested Achebe to publish and write the book, Things Fall Apart. The timing of the book could not have been any better because Great Britain had control over Nigeria and was severely pressured into colonizing the country. Within ten years of this conflict, Achebe published the book. It set off a vibe that usually does not go off when someone publishes a book. This book did just that. Things Fall Apart is the view from a small Nigerian village that sees its principles and doctrines taken over outsiders from another country. From a Nigerian who has probably seen this in happen in real life is very important to the people of Africa. For someone like Achebe to tell the story of Africans and how they live, eat, drink, and worship Gods tells the whole world how an everyday African lives. When a country rules over a territory or a certain land it can have a strangle on the people of that village, tribe, or colony. Chinua Achebe describes the setting of the story beautifully. In the village of Umofia men, women, and children are taught to be tough minded. This is the case for Okonkwo. A warrior who is tough, strong, disciplined, and well liked in his tribe. Achebe realizes the struggles and pains that Nigerians and other Africans go through. They struggle with money, time, and personal problems. These personal problems could be with a family member or it could be with their Gods or ancestors. This is why Achebe decided to write a book of this nature: To ensure the people of Nigeria of nation building, economic building, and strong government. Two years after the book was written, Great Britain gave Nigeria its independence from them (Nigeria). This colossal achievement for the people of Nigeria gave them a new start in life; a start that would allow them to be free and have the political and ethical freedom to do as they choose. Achebe has been one of the most inspirational and influential writers during his time because of his obvious background. Nigeria will probably never produce someone as important as Achebe ever again. Learning the process of becoming a writer for Achebe was definitely hard work. Growing up for Achebe was very difficult; the conditions had to have been rough in the country of Nigeria where poverty and sickness were widely recognized. To grow up to be a man that he is now, that has been one of the greater achievements that any writer has achieved. Achebe’s parents: Janet and Isaiah Achebe were very influential on his life. Isaiah Achebe was a teacher at the Chuch Missionary Society in Nigeria (Achebe). It is always important to have great idols and parents to look up to for that parent to set an example on their child so they can have a great life ahead of them. Achebe wrote five major books in his career: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). All five of these major works have something in common. They all have the same interest in African society and how religion, domestication, and nations collide with the outside world or within different countries. Achebe has done his part over the past 50 years, providing readers from all over the world the history, culture, and background that African society has been founded on for thousands of years. Since Achebe has settled down the past 10 or 20 years, he has received recognition and awards for his outstanding writing. He has received numerous doctorates and is an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1999, Achebe was honored by being appointed to the U. N Population Fund; Achebe’s works throughout his career was also translated in 40 different languages (Achebe). In the story, Things Fall Apart, a man, Okonkwo struggles with his own tendencies and mishaps that cost him in the end of the story. Achebe, a native African, writing this book about the culture and life of a certain village in Nigeria was huge. It was huge because it was the first major novel written by an African about Africa. Challenges about the novel speak of the Western influence of Europe, such as Great Britain on African colonies and countries. The work of this book came around the time of decolonization, where western European countries gave independence to African counties, including Nigeria. What Achebe does so well throughout the entire book is that he lets the reader try and figure out if the Ibo people are romanticized or if the outsiders are actually there for some or no reason at all. Achebe lets the reader think and figure out the entire colonialism and impact of the white missionaries in Africa. One of the major themes that gets introduced throughout the book is the theme of war. War was a prominent way of life in Nigeria. If a man were not to fight in tribal wars, then he would be considered a coward that would not get the recognition of other prominent men in the tribes. Okonkwo, the main character, is a violent warrior who has been perceived as a person who looks for solutions in the way of war, violence, and death instead of resorting to peaceful solutions. The violence that Okonkwo shows to his friends, sons, daughters, and wives leads to the destruction of his image and reputation. Okonkwo also has a problem with softness and not being manly enough. Growing up, Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was soft and gentle. He was not viewed as a warlike person or someone who would be a warrior of the tribes. Okonkwo did not want to be like this. He wanted to be the head of his household, also called obi, and wanted to be the person who killed the most men in war. That was his objective growing up in the village of Umofia. A man who does not back down, does not show his weaknesses, and does not want to lose no matter what. War has always been a way of life in this village. Fighting other colonies and tribes has been going on for thousands of years and will probably never stop. This is why Okonkwo portrays himself as a warlike person who does not like to show his softer side. The other theme that shows itself numerous times in the book is peace. Again Okonkwo struggles to find the connection within him to find peace. Peace is a tough thing to find if someone does not try hard enough to use it in the necessary scenarios. With his violent ways and backgrounds Okonkwo does not have that inner peace that could settle him down or resolve to a softer situation. He struggles mightily with the thought of peace being achieved. The situation changes before Okonkwo’s very eyes and the others of Umofia that the outside world is wanting to change the way people live in Africa. The downfall of Okonkwo’s life is derived between war and peace. Obtaining peace and fighting wars against other countries brings fate. It may not always be easy, but at the end of the day peace is given and a country is set free of captivity. The country of Nigeria has long been a country of disarray and in development. It has been a country of poverty and sickness. 250 ethnic tribes call Nigeria home. The three most major tribes are Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa (Nigeria). Igbo, of course, is the main tribe that the book speaks of. Located in the western part of Africa, Nigeria is home to savannas, tropical forests, and coastal wetlands. Farming is a very important way of life in Nigeria, as with each country in Africa. Nigeria covers an area close to 360,000 square miles; it is also twice the size of the state of California. The political state of Nigeria consists of thirty-six states. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja (Nigeria). It has been the capital since 1991. Nigeria is strong in ethnicity. The primary religions in the country are Muslim and Christians. These two religions make up about 90% of the ethnicity in Africa (Curry). However, between the two religions comes hardships and violence. Differences between beliefs of the two can present a problem, especially when they are two totally different ways of belief. When Great Britain began to get involved with nations in Africa, it set its eyes on Nigeria. It all began in 1887 when British forces began to surge on the eastern coast of Africa. Sir George Goldie, founder of the Royal Niger Company acquired the interior of Nigeria. Influence of British cultures and traditions was way too much of a factor in countries such as Nigeria. This influence set the basis for rule over the country by establishing the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in 1900 (Curry). Through hardships and trying times, Nigeria was a country with one of the highest population rates and also a high rate of disease and poverty. In 1960 Nigeria became an independent member of the British Commonwealth. Then in 1963, becoming a republic. Nigeria’s first elected president ever to take over was Nnamdi Azikiwe (Curry). Things Fall Apart was probably one of the most interesting books to read because the language, history, and spirituality. These characteristics are what make Achebe’s book spectacular. The way he uses words makes him one of the best authors ever. The life of a man such as Okonkwo to end in such tragedy is always a shame. Especially when the main character who sees his village turn for the worst after British missionaries convert men, women, and children to Christianity. This is when we saw the rise and fall of a man who wanted to see his homeland keep its same values and not have outsiders come in and take everything over. Okonkwo was a main of strength, courage, and honor. These are the qualities that made him one of the most powerful and warrior-like men in the village. Achebe always does a wonderful job of portraying the use of a man and use of a woman. Men were obviously the more powerful and head of the house. Women, on the other hand, were basically servants and did not really hold that much authority. Achebe does a great job to focus on Okonkwo and how much his children and wives respect and how they are afraid of him. That’s how much a man can have an influence on others. Works Citied â€Å"Achebe, Chinua. † Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 4-8. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Curry, Tim. â€Å"Nigeria. † Countries and Their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. . New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 1624-1642. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Gerard, Albert S. â€Å"Achebe, Chinua (1930-). † Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. â€Å"Nigeria. † Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 11th ed. Vol. 2: Africa. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 423-439 . Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † Literary Themes for Students: War and Peace. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 519-534. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. How to cite Things Fall Apart, Papers Things fall apart Free Essays A story or poem in which the characters setting and events stand for other people and events or for abstract ideas or qualities. Alliteration- The repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words usually at the beginning of the word. Conflict- The opposition between characters or forces, especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot. We will write a custom essay sample on Things fall apart or any similar topic only for you Order Now Connotation- Associations and implications that go beyond the written word. Denotation- The dictionary definition of a word. Organizing- Use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. Hyperbole- A bold, exaggerated statement. Metaphor- Comparison between like things without using like or as. Oxymoron- A paradox in which two contradictory or opposite words are used together. Personification- Animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are given human characteristics, abilities, or reactions. Satire- Witty language used to convey insults or scorn. Symbol- An object or action that means or stands for something else more significant than its literal meaning. Literary Terms from A Step From Heaven â€Å"My toes are fish† – metaphor â€Å"The waves dance† – personification l am a sea bubble floating, floating in a dream† – metaphor, symbol â€Å"sleepy blanket face† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"like the insides of the bottles that get left on the street† – simile â€Å"bleed water from the sea† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"hands together tight like a closed book† – simile â€Å"dark round monkey eyes† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"sleepy eyes like cats in the sun† – simile, imagery â€Å"like someone is poking it with a stick† – imagery â€Å"soft and tickly as seagull feathers† – simile ‘†see my stomach’ she barks† – personification â€Å"her long hair plays in the wind† – personification I thump my head like a ripe watermelon† – simile â⠂¬Å"l watch Mamma’s shoes talk to the road† – personification â€Å"big as fish mouths† – simile â€Å"hair that can play in the wind, light as a kite† – simile â€Å"Yes, I lie, quiet as snow† – simile â€Å"waiting for Heaven† – foreshadowing â€Å"until my mouth is ready to learn† – imagery â€Å"big floppy tongue† – imagery â€Å"let us say it is a step from Heaven† – foreshadowing Literary Terms from Copper Sun â€Å"So shiny and smooth, Mari marveled. – imagery â€Å"Like weaving blankets out of sand. † – simile â€Å"As round and brown as a Kola nut† – simile, imagery Fly my baby brother, Fly away! † – foreshadowing â€Å"It was like a small city made of wood† – imagery â€Å"pieces of cloth, larger than a hut† – simile â€Å"as much help as a rabbit in the rice field! † â€⠀œ simile â€Å"We done fell out of the tree and hit every branch on the way down! † – metaphor â€Å"hunger lived with them everyday† – personification â€Å"she fight like a lion† – simile. How to cite Things fall apart, Papers Things Fall Apart Free Essays Jordan Knoke English 102 Ember Smith 21 June 2010 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe writes a fascinating book, Things Fall Apart, where he talks about the struggle of a man, Okonkwo, who lives between the pride of his culture and the pride of his manhood. Achebe is from, where the novel originates, Nigeria. Achebe has been one of the most influential and important authors in African history. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is very important to get a view from a native African’s point of view: a person who has seen what has gone on and experienced the trials and wars of Nigeria and other African countries. The Igbo religion was the primary religion in the village where the story is set. Okonkwo who has been in the village of Umofia for his entire life, starts to see the tribe transpire and shift away from its normal beliefs. This happens when Christian missionaries arrive in the country to try and turn the people of Umofia and other tribes to their religion of Christianity. Nigeria during this time was in difficult times because they were under the rule by Great Britain. Achebe does a wonderful job in the book describing how much of an influence the outsiders had. The culture, religion, ethics, spirit, war, peace, and labor are some of the words that describe this book in a nutshell. Things Fall Apart is a book of knowledge and discipline. These two characteristics are an underlying occurrence in the book. Okonkwo is man who displays both of these qualities, thus, which leads to his downfall. Chinua Achebe, known for his bestselling novels, poems, and essays, was born in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria (Gerard). Achebe has been known for five great books, but the most read and talked about has been Things Fall Apart. Achebe’s books have been translated in some fifty languages. Especially in Africa and his homeland of Nigeria, Achebe is looked upon like a God and somebody that people can look up to. Achebe was very bright in his early years as a child; he began to learn English when he was only eight years old (Achebe). In 1948, Achebe went to University College in Nigeria to initially study medicine, but something made him change his mind (Achebe). He changed his major to English literary studies to practice the skills of becoming a writer and learn about the practices of English culture. After graduating from University College, Achebe went on to become a producer for a Nigerian broadcasting company. It was not till after that, in London, that Achebe would truly find his talent of writing. One of his teachers in London had requested Achebe to publish and write the book, Things Fall Apart. The timing of the book could not have been any better because Great Britain had control over Nigeria and was severely pressured into colonizing the country. Within ten years of this conflict, Achebe published the book. It set off a vibe that usually does not go off when someone publishes a book. This book did just that. Things Fall Apart is the view from a small Nigerian village that sees its principles and doctrines taken over outsiders from another country. From a Nigerian who has probably seen this in happen in real life is very important to the people of Africa. For someone like Achebe to tell the story of Africans and how they live, eat, drink, and worship Gods tells the whole world how an everyday African lives. When a country rules over a territory or a certain land it can have a strangle on the people of that village, tribe, or colony. Chinua Achebe describes the setting of the story beautifully. In the village of Umofia men, women, and children are taught to be tough minded. This is the case for Okonkwo. A warrior who is tough, strong, disciplined, and well liked in his tribe. Achebe realizes the struggles and pains that Nigerians and other Africans go through. They struggle with money, time, and personal problems. These personal problems could be with a family member or it could be with their Gods or ancestors. This is why Achebe decided to write a book of this nature: To ensure the people of Nigeria of nation building, economic building, and strong government. Two years after the book was written, Great Britain gave Nigeria its independence from them (Nigeria). This colossal achievement for the people of Nigeria gave them a new start in life; a start that would allow them to be free and have the political and ethical freedom to do as they choose. Achebe has been one of the most inspirational and influential writers during his time because of his obvious background. Nigeria will probably never produce someone as important as Achebe ever again. Learning the process of becoming a writer for Achebe was definitely hard work. Growing up for Achebe was very difficult; the conditions had to have been rough in the country of Nigeria where poverty and sickness were widely recognized. To grow up to be a man that he is now, that has been one of the greater achievements that any writer has achieved. Achebe’s parents: Janet and Isaiah Achebe were very influential on his life. Isaiah Achebe was a teacher at the Chuch Missionary Society in Nigeria (Achebe). It is always important to have great idols and parents to look up to for that parent to set an example on their child so they can have a great life ahead of them. Achebe wrote five major books in his career: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). All five of these major works have something in common. They all have the same interest in African society and how religion, domestication, and nations collide with the outside world or within different countries. Achebe has done his part over the past 50 years, providing readers from all over the world the history, culture, and background that African society has been founded on for thousands of years. Since Achebe has settled down the past 10 or 20 years, he has received recognition and awards for his outstanding writing. He has received numerous doctorates and is an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1999, Achebe was honored by being appointed to the U. N Population Fund; Achebe’s works throughout his career was also translated in 40 different languages (Achebe). In the story, Things Fall Apart, a man, Okonkwo struggles with his own tendencies and mishaps that cost him in the end of the story. Achebe, a native African, writing this book about the culture and life of a certain village in Nigeria was huge. It was huge because it was the first major novel written by an African about Africa. Challenges about the novel speak of the Western influence of Europe, such as Great Britain on African colonies and countries. The work of this book came around the time of decolonization, where western European countries gave independence to African counties, including Nigeria. What Achebe does so well throughout the entire book is that he lets the reader try and figure out if the Ibo people are romanticized or if the outsiders are actually there for some or no reason at all. Achebe lets the reader think and figure out the entire colonialism and impact of the white missionaries in Africa. One of the major themes that gets introduced throughout the book is the theme of war. War was a prominent way of life in Nigeria. If a man were not to fight in tribal wars, then he would be considered a coward that would not get the recognition of other prominent men in the tribes. Okonkwo, the main character, is a violent warrior who has been perceived as a person who looks for solutions in the way of war, violence, and death instead of resorting to peaceful solutions. The violence that Okonkwo shows to his friends, sons, daughters, and wives leads to the destruction of his image and reputation. Okonkwo also has a problem with softness and not being manly enough. Growing up, Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was soft and gentle. He was not viewed as a warlike person or someone who would be a warrior of the tribes. Okonkwo did not want to be like this. He wanted to be the head of his household, also called obi, and wanted to be the person who killed the most men in war. That was his objective growing up in the village of Umofia. A man who does not back down, does not show his weaknesses, and does not want to lose no matter what. War has always been a way of life in this village. Fighting other colonies and tribes has been going on for thousands of years and will probably never stop. This is why Okonkwo portrays himself as a warlike person who does not like to show his softer side. The other theme that shows itself numerous times in the book is peace. Again Okonkwo struggles to find the connection within him to find peace. Peace is a tough thing to find if someone does not try hard enough to use it in the necessary scenarios. With his violent ways and backgrounds Okonkwo does not have that inner peace that could settle him down or resolve to a softer situation. He struggles mightily with the thought of peace being achieved. The situation changes before Okonkwo’s very eyes and the others of Umofia that the outside world is wanting to change the way people live in Africa. The downfall of Okonkwo’s life is derived between war and peace. Obtaining peace and fighting wars against other countries brings fate. It may not always be easy, but at the end of the day peace is given and a country is set free of captivity. The country of Nigeria has long been a country of disarray and in development. It has been a country of poverty and sickness. 250 ethnic tribes call Nigeria home. The three most major tribes are Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa (Nigeria). Igbo, of course, is the main tribe that the book speaks of. Located in the western part of Africa, Nigeria is home to savannas, tropical forests, and coastal wetlands. Farming is a very important way of life in Nigeria, as with each country in Africa. Nigeria covers an area close to 360,000 square miles; it is also twice the size of the state of California. The political state of Nigeria consists of thirty-six states. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja (Nigeria). It has been the capital since 1991. Nigeria is strong in ethnicity. The primary religions in the country are Muslim and Christians. These two religions make up about 90% of the ethnicity in Africa (Curry). However, between the two religions comes hardships and violence. Differences between beliefs of the two can present a problem, especially when they are two totally different ways of belief. When Great Britain began to get involved with nations in Africa, it set its eyes on Nigeria. It all began in 1887 when British forces began to surge on the eastern coast of Africa. Sir George Goldie, founder of the Royal Niger Company acquired the interior of Nigeria. Influence of British cultures and traditions was way too much of a factor in countries such as Nigeria. This influence set the basis for rule over the country by establishing the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in 1900 (Curry). Through hardships and trying times, Nigeria was a country with one of the highest population rates and also a high rate of disease and poverty. In 1960 Nigeria became an independent member of the British Commonwealth. Then in 1963, becoming a republic. Nigeria’s first elected president ever to take over was Nnamdi Azikiwe (Curry). Things Fall Apart was probably one of the most interesting books to read because the language, history, and spirituality. These characteristics are what make Achebe’s book spectacular. The way he uses words makes him one of the best authors ever. The life of a man such as Okonkwo to end in such tragedy is always a shame. Especially when the main character who sees his village turn for the worst after British missionaries convert men, women, and children to Christianity. This is when we saw the rise and fall of a man who wanted to see his homeland keep its same values and not have outsiders come in and take everything over. Okonkwo was a main of strength, courage, and honor. These are the qualities that made him one of the most powerful and warrior-like men in the village. Achebe always does a wonderful job of portraying the use of a man and use of a woman. Men were obviously the more powerful and head of the house. Women, on the other hand, were basically servants and did not really hold that much authority. Achebe does a great job to focus on Okonkwo and how much his children and wives respect and how they are afraid of him. That’s how much a man can have an influence on others. Works Citied â€Å"Achebe, Chinua. † Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 4-8. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Curry, Tim. â€Å"Nigeria. † Countries and Their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. . New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 1624-1642. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Gerard, Albert S. â€Å"Achebe, Chinua (1930-). † Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. â€Å"Nigeria. † Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 11th ed. Vol. 2: Africa. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 423-439 . Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † Literary Themes for Students: War and Peace. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 519-534. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. How to cite Things Fall Apart, Essay examples

Malampaya Project Essay Example

Malampaya Project Essay THE MALAMPAYA PROJECT The Malampaya project is a one of its kind project that the Philippines have developed. It is a big opportunity for the Philippines in gas development. The project aims to harvest Gas deep underwater and to use it as a source of power. It provides at least 40-45% of Luzon’s electricity since 2002. It is currently being conducted by Shell Philippines Exploration together with the joint partners Chevron Texaco Malampaya and PNOCEC. The gas was buried approximately 800 meters underwater deep in Northwest Palawan. According to Department of Energy Philippines (2002) that Malaya Gas field is to produce 146 billion cubic feet (BCF) a year. It was proven that they have at least 80 million barrels of condensate and 20-40 million barrels of oil reserves which totals 2. 5 to 3. 5 trillion cubic feet of Gas (TCF). Last December 2012 there has been a plan to expand the Malampaya Gas plant. The Keppel Subic Shipyard started â€Å"striking steel† or steel cutting as a signal for their $1 billion fabrication of an offshore rig in expansion of the Malampaya project. Keppel Subic will be a great help in developing the Malampaya project by building and installing substructure and topside modules in platforms to sustain its 2,700 megawatts production output and for the completion of the Malampaya 3. Also, it will generate at least 1,200 jobs according to Shell Philippines. It has been planned that in 2014, they will build additional two wells and in 2015, installing of new platform for additional equipment and facilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Malampaya Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Malampaya Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Malampaya Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the consortium, the Malampaya 3 aims to keep a steady supply to maintain their commitments in ensuring the power supply for Luzon. It has been proven that they have 3. 2 trillion cubic feet reserves and 1 trillion of it has already been consumed. Sources: http://malampaya. com/? page_id=2 http://www. doe. gov. ph/DNG/malampaya_history. pdf http://www. gmanetwork. com/news/story/284493/economy/companies/keppel-subic-to-build-fabrication-yard-for-malampaya-deep-well-platform http://manilastandardtoday. com/2012/12/08/work-starts-on-expansionary-malampaya-rig/

Strategically Managing PPC Campaigns in Adwords [PODCAST]

Strategically Managing PPC Campaigns in Adwords [PODCAST] When your potential customers are looking for your product or service, how do you think they find it? Right, they usually start with Google. In order for them to find you, you need to show up in those search results. Have you wondered how to do that? Today, we’re talking to ’s own Rachel Wiinanen, our inbound marketer. She works a lot with AdWords, creating ads that will lead to click-throughs and lead to conversion. Today she’s going to tell us all about targeting the right keywords, writing engaging messaging, and optimizing your landing pages. She’ll also talk to us about what metrics to measure and share her thoughts on budgeting and goal-setting. You won’t want to miss this episode! Some of the highlights of the show include: Rachel’s job description and mission at . Rachel’s strategy for attracting the right audience through AdWords. Thoughts on writing great ad copy that gets clicks, as well as why testing is so important. How Rachel works with landing pages to boost the conversion rate. What Rachel measures when analyzing campaigns: trial acquisition cost, click-through rate, and more. She also talks about how she monitors various metrics. How to determine a budget when it comes to ads. Rachel’s best advice for someone who is new to AdWords and is just getting started. Quotes by Rachel: â€Å"Nothing is perfect, just test away. Test, test, test. There have been tons of times where I didn’t think an ad would perform very well and then outperforms other comparable ads by double.† â€Å"Things are always going to change. You’re always going to want to get more specific, more focused, more precise.† â€Å"My best advice for someone who’s new to AdWords would be don’t be afraid to test new things.†

Indian Red Scorpion Facts (Hottentotta tamulus)

Indian Red Scorpion Facts (Hottentotta tamulus) The Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) or eastern Indian scorpion is considered to be the most lethal scorpion in the world. Despite its common name, the scorpion isnt necessarily red. It can range in color from reddish brown to orange or brown. The Indian red scorpion doesnt hunt people, but it will sting to defend itself. Children are most likely to die from stings because of their small size. Fast Facts: Indian Red Scorpion Scientific Name: Hottentotta tamulusCommon Names: Indian red scorpion, eastern Indian scorpionBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 2.0-3.5 inchesLifespan: 3-5 years (captivity)Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri LankaPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not evaluated Description The Indian red scorpion is a fairly small scorpion, ranging from 2 to 3-1/2 inches in length. It ranges in color from bright reddish orange to dull brown. The species has distinctive dark gray ridges and granulation. It has relatively small pincers, a thickened tail (telson) and a large stinger. As with spiders, male scorpion pedipalps appear somewhat inflated compared to those of females. Like other scorpions, the Indian red scorpion is fluorescent under black light. Several color morphs of Indian red scorpions exist. Sagar khunte /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Habitat and Distribution The species is found in India, eastern Pakistan, and eastern Nepal. Recently, it has been seen (rarely) in Sri Lanka. Although little is known about the Indian red scorpions ecology, it appears to prefer humid tropical and subtropical habitats. It often lives near or in human settlements. Diet and Behavior The Indian red scorpion is a carnivore. It is a nocturnal ambush predator that detects prey by vibration and subdues it using its chelae (claws) and stinger. It feeds on cockroaches and other invertebrates and sometimes small vertebrates, such as lizards and rodents. Reproduction and Offspring In general, scorpions reach sexual maturity between 1 and 3 years of age. While some species can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis, the Indian red scorpion only reproduces sexually. Mating occurs following a complex courtship ritual in which the male grasps the females pedipalps and dances with her until he finds a suitable flat area to deposit his spermatophore. He guides the female over the spermatophore and she accepts it into her genital opening. While scorpion females tend not to eat their mates, sexual cannibalism is not unknown, so males quickly depart following mating. Females give birth to live young, which are called scorplings. The young resemble their parents except they are white and unable to sting. They stay with their mother, riding on her back, at least until after their first molt. In captivity, Indian red scorpions live 3 to 5 years. The female Indian red scorpion carries her young on her back. Akash M. Deshmukh /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not evaluated the conservation status of the Indian red scorpion. The scorpion is abundant within its range (except for Sri Lanka). However, there are high bounties on collection of wild specimens for scientific research, plus they may be captured for the pet trade. The population trend of the species is unknown. Indian Red Scorpions and Humans Despite their potent venom, Indian red scorpions are kept as pets. They are also kept and bred in captivity for medical research. Scorpion toxins include potassium channel-blocking peptides, which may have use as immunosuppressants for autoimmune disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). Some toxins may have application in dermatology, cancer treatment, and as antimalarial drugs. Indian red scorpion stings are not uncommon in India and Nepal. While the scorpions are not aggressive, they will sting when stepped on or otherwise threatened. Reported clinical fatality rates range from 8 to 40%. Children are the most common victims. Symptoms of envenomation include severe pain at the site of the sting, vomiting, sweating, breathlessness, and alternating high and low blood pressure and heart rate. The venom targets the pulmonary and cardiovascular system and can cause death from pulmonary edema. While antivenom has little effectiveness, administration of the blood pressure medication prazosin can reduce the mortality rate to less than 4%. Some persons suffer severe allergic reactions to the venom and antivenom, including anaphylaxis. Sources Bawaskar, H.S. and P.H. Bawaskar. Indian red scorpion envenoming. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 65 (3): 383–391, 1998. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00005-7Ismail, M. and P. H. Bawaskar. The scorpion envenoming syndrome. Toxicon. 33 (7): 825–858, 1995. PMID:8588209Kovařà ­k, F. A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species. Euscorpius. 58: 1–105, 2007.Nagaraj, S.K.; Dattatreya, P.; Boramuth, T.N. Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies. J. Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015; 21: 51. doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4Polis, Gary A. The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8047-1249-1.

The impact of celebrity endorsement Coursework

The impact of celebrity endorsement - Coursework Example Marketing has always been a challenge and more so for products that are costlier as the customers for the same are restricted in numbers due to need for higher purchasing power. The common products of daily use are a must for all, and although the marketers need to push these products too, due to high competition by similar products, the real test for marketing lies in pushing the highly priced premium products like watches that can only attract discerning buyers who wish to be seen as a class apart from the ordinary buyer. Brands like Rolex, Omega and Breitling fall under this category of products. The rationale of a watch is to show accurate time and almost any watch can serve the purpose. However their class, premium features, speciality materials, extraordinary quality and their aura command certain respect from both the customer and the onlooker. They exude an aura for the user and awe of the observer. What motivates the customer to buy them? How are these marketed? Is value created through normal advertising or does it need special advertising support in form of celebrity endorsement? 2.0 Advertisement Companies need to advertise in order to spearhead their marketing efforts. Earlier advertisements were informative in nature and were used to convey the properties of the products and their general usefulness. Price information became a part of advertisement in order to bring home the point about it being affordable and competitive. The homogeneity of many products needed some distinguishing factors and for this branding of products was the new method of distinctiveness. A company could have different brands for a variety of products. Later even the branding of the company became an identifying factor for excellence of products or service. 2.1 Medium of Advertisements The first medium was the print media as this was the prevalent mass method and targeted consumers could read about the products. Rival companies made campaigns out of such advertisements and from positive advertisements portraying the

'Discipline & Punish (Foucault, 1975) is not just a history of the Essay

'Discipline & Punish (Foucault, 1975) is not just a history of the emergence of the prison but a history of the emergence of a - Essay Example Thus, Discipline and Punish could be deemed as Foucault’s critique not only on the effectiveness of prison in attaining its key objective—the disciplining of the prisoner by subjecting him to conditions that are marked by extreme surveillance and control—but also on the true reason for the emergence of various social structures today such as the government, school, and other institutions (Mc Gaha, 2000). Precisely, it is Foucault’s belief that such systems had only been created to cater the elite group (which I shall explore in more detail in the next part of the paper) that bolstered his onslaught on the basic foundations of human civilization. Specifically, by recognizing the essence of prison and other social institutions as merely ‘instruments’ used by the elite to maintain and enhance their power in society, Foucault was able to question essentially the possibility of attaining human freedom in modern-day society. In a deeper regard, I co uld surmise that Foucault’s attacks on social structures could be attributed to his anarchistic mindset (though not explicitly revealed in any of the texts) as he clearly disregarded the need for such systems. Therefore, human freedom must be seen as the act of ‘letting one be’ and not ‘following what and how one must be’. His precise bastardization of naturals or ideals (as will be discussed later on) could clearly provide an ideological nexus between his anarchistic mindset and his post-modern orientation. If seen in this context, Foucault’s take on the human essence (for the lack of a better term) is slightly existentialist. In this paper, I like to delve further into Foucault’s Discipline and Punish by dividing the discussion into four parts. The first part shall emphasize on the short history of the penal system, which could be traced back to 17th century. Through this part, I aim to highlight on the fact that the development of th e penal system had shifted the punishment from physical to mental. The second part will be dedicated to reinforcing the concepts of power and control as the main thrust for the creation of modern social institutions. This will infuse the significant role of the elite in the formation of such institutions. The third part shall zero in on Foucault’s conceptualization of human freedom as hardly attainable given the flaws in modern day systems today. By having this part, I am to provide a reasoning that encapsulates Foucault’s socio-political ideologies Evolution of Punishment and the Rise of the Penal System Following the flow of discussion in Discipline and Punish, Foucault opted to start (in a more detailed light) with a detailed discussion on public tortures and executions that transpired during the17th and 18th centuries. Presenting explicitly the execution of the Damiens, Foucault (1976) narrated, â€Å"after these tearings with the pincers, Damiens, who cried out p rofusely, though without swearing, raised his head and looked at himself; the same

The Design of Molecular Magnets

The Design of Molecular Magnets Ashlea Hughes 1. Polyoxometalates Polyoxometalates (POMs) are clusters consisting of linked metal oxide polyhedral. They are commonly anionic, although some cationic species have been reported.1 Due to this charge, counter ions are often associated with POMs. The metal ions which form the POMs often belong to group 5 or group 6 in the periodic table and possess a high oxidation state causing an electron configuration of either d0 or d1. The nuclearity of POMs differs widely from single monomeric species to high nuclearity (i.e. over 100 metal ions) species. The three major transition metals that form POMs are: vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten. 1.1 Structures The building blocks of polyoxometalates often correspond to tetrahedral, tetragonal pyramids, and octahedra, sharing corners and edges which results in a variety of caged, ribboned, wheel or basket like structures e.g. [P6Mo18O73]11-.2 It is this variety in potential structures of POMs that causes a number of complex molecular spin arrays to be available. Figure 1: Five Baker-Figgis isomers adapted from Zhou et al. 3 The keggin structure, named after J. J. Keggin who determined its structure, is a very common structure found in POMs.4 It consists of a central tetrahedrally coordinated atom, caged by 12 octahedrally coordinated atoms. Five rotational isomers, known as Baker-Figgis isomers, of the keggin structure exist, and are shown in Figure 1, as do defect structures known as lacunary structures.3 Due to the conformation of these structures they have high stability and so aid in the exchange coupling between other keggin molecules. The POMs comprising of the transition metal, tungsten, all favour this structure and larger tungsten POMs can be considered to be made up of keggin subunits. The Dawson structure and Anderson structure are similar structures that have also been reported many times within literature. The wheel structure is yet again another commonly found structure and is desired for POM formation. The cavity/cavities the wheel contains are accessible and allow the coordination of other clusters, and form chains in a step by step growth, forming very large POMs. 1.2 Traditional synthesis POM based clusters are traditionally made via a one-pot synthesis. The aggregation and condensation of the reagents is controlled via experimental variables.5 These variables can include: concentration, pH, temperature, ligand effects, counter ions and various other experimental variables. The synthesis usually begins with the acidification of the metal salt, sequentially followed by condensation of the molecules forming a variety of architectural structures. 1.3 Uses Polyoxometalates possess a wide variety of properties. Their diversity means that they are used for many applications. They are used as catalysts in a range of organic reactions. The acidity and solubility of POMs make them ideal candidates to use as homogeneous catalysts, as well as their redox abilities. They have many uses in biological systems, in particular the POM ferritin, which is the protein responsible for iron storage and is a cofactor in the photosynthesis process within plants. This property in particular has inspired research into many energy and photosensitive related devices using POMs. In addition there is also research being done into medicinal applications as potential uses in antiretroviral drugs for diseases such as AIDS. 6 Aside from all these applications, and many others, certain POMs also bear magnetic properties that I shall discuss herein.5 2. Magnetism Magnetic properties arise from the spin and orbital angular momentum of unpaired electrons. Paramagnetism is a property of compounds which contain unpaired electrons. These compounds have a relative permeability greater than one and consequently attract magnetic fields. When a field is applied the spins of electrons start to align parallel to each other. The magnetisation of paramagnetic materials is directly proportional to the magnetic field that is applied; this, however, does vary with temperature. This relationship between temperature and magnetization is described by Curies Law: Where M is the resulting magnetisation, B is the applied magnetic field, T is the temperature and C is the Curie constant which is specific for each individual material. Figure 2: Hysteresis Curve 7 Hysteresis is a property of paramagnetic materials. If a magnetic material is magnetised in regard to a direction and the material does not relax back to zero magnetisation then the material is exhibiting hysteresis. If an alternating field is applied a hysteresis loop is formed as shown in Figure 2. Bulk magnets exhibit hysteresis, as do some polyoxometalates.8 This provides many advances into information storage as exhibiting hysteresis means the material has magnetic bistability, meaning the material can present two stable phases and can change between the two with response to an external stimulus, a vital property for memory elements. 2.1 Magnetic POMs POMs commonly contain transition metal centres, some of which are paramagnetic with respect to their spin states. The paramagnetic transition metal centres therefore correspond to the d1 electron configuration mentioned above, e.g. polyoxovanadates (IV). When the paramagnetic metal ions are brought together they interact and can give rise to a wide variety of magnetic properties. The magnetic interaction between the ions is defined by the Heisenburg Hamiltonian. These POMs which possess magnetic properties are known as single molecule magnets. Polyoxovanadates are the most common magnetic POM. [VIV15As6O42(H2O)]6- is a relatively large oxovanadium (IV) POM whose magnetic properties have been widely investigated.7 2.2 Quantum or classical behaviour? POMs are relatively large, organically bridged, molecular magnets, and are thought to potentially be the bridge between the quantum properties of the smallest atoms and the classical properties possessed by larger magnets that we know in our day-to-day lives. Events in classical physics are either allowed or forbidden in contrast to the events in quantum physics which all have a various probability of occurring. It has been thought that the mesoscopic size of the POMs would cause the classical properties seen in bulk magnets to also be observed in these intermediate sized magnets. Some magnetic POMs are thought to behave quasi-classically as they can exhibit both quantum as well as classical magnetic properties.8 This 15 vanadium centred POM was however, found not to behave in a classical way. Though, it has been reported that the quantum/classical behaviour is not just based on the size of the magnet, but also the individual spins of the metal ions. If the individual ions within the POM have a small spin (S= 1/2) then quantum models approximate properties of the material the best, however when reaching relatively high spins similar results to the quantum models are shown by using classical models. This has been confirmed in smaller clusters which contain larger spins.7 It is interesting that smaller clusters with higher spins possess more classical magnetic properties, opposed to larger clusters which possess small spin ions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons, i.e. paramagnets. Line widths present in EPR spectra can dictate whether a material is expressing quantum or classical behaviour. 9 2.3 Spin frustration Figure 3. Spin fustrastion within [VIV15As6O42(H2O)]6- 7 To achieve a large spin ground state is a difficult challenge for scientists. However, spin frustration effects can lead to isolated systems that contain this property. The layered structure of [VIV15As6O42(H2O)]6- comprising of three layers, with the central layer only having three interacting centres, then the spin cannot be resolved by Hund’s rule and is said to be frustrated, as shown in Figure 3. Much research has been done into the use of large POMs as magnets, however with current technology allowing the miniaturisation of most devices, the question posed is who can make the smallest POM in which both quantum and classical effects coexist? For this to be answered the synthesis of POMs needs to be carefully controlled and fine-tuned. 2.4 Mixed valence clusters The magnetic properties of mixed valence clusters are often more difficult to interpret due to their electrons which are delocalised over the structure as opposed to the simpler localised valence species, described above. The mixed valence cluster [Mn12O12(O2CCH3)16(H2O)4].2CH3COOH.4H2O, comprising of Mn4IV and Mn8III has been found to exhibit both quantum and classical properties. It has been established that this cluster behaves like a small bulk magnet when subjected to low temperatures. 2.5 Single molecule magnets Single molecule magnets (SMMs) are usually based on first row transition metals. They require a high spin ground state along with a negative uniaxial anisotropy. A relatively high blocking temperature (the temperature at which relaxation of magnetisation is slow) is also desirable.9 Flexibility in the structure of SMMs provides difficulties in the regulation of intermolecular exchange coupling, however, due to their rigid conformation, POMs have an environment which is ideal for magnetic structures. To produce SMMs the intermolecular magnetic interactions between molecules must be negligible. 2.6 POMs as ligands Although POMs themselves can have magnetic properties, due to their variety of shapes if they possess defects, as in the lacunary structure, and the cavities the wheel structure often has, they can also be used as multidentate ligands.10 They can bind to paramagnetic coordination clusters, causing encapsulation of small clusters of magnetic ions.11 By doing this the POM ligand effectively dilutes the smaller, encapsulated molecule and therefore reduces the dipolar interactions that are undesirable for SMMs. The magnetic molecule encapsulated could possess both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic properties; however, which property is expressed could potentially be determined by the POM surrounding it. The wheel structure, due to the nature of its shape also possesses a cavity, which could also be used to bind smaller clusters, increasing the distance between the magnetic molecules and in doing so reducing the interactions between them. 12 3. Designing POMs The design of molecular clusters with magnetic properties, or as ligands for small clusters, that possess magnetic properties is challenging. The traditional one-pot synthesis controlled by numerous variables does not give the desired purity of species or the fine tuning abilities required to design SMMs. The degree of functionality required for these systems relies upon directed assembly of the building blocks into disciplined architectures.13 3.1 Solvothermal and ionothermal synthesis Solvothermal synthesis reduces the limitations of the experimental variable of temperature used in the regular synthesis. Water and common organic solvents used in the regular synthesis limit the temperature the system can reach; however, autoclaves used in the solvothermal process reduce this limitation and create the opportunity for higher temperatures and pressures of the reaction mixture. Reproducibility of these reactions is very difficult as it requires tight control of experimental conditions. Ionothermal synthesis adapts this solvothermal synthesis by using an ionic liquid as a solvent. These ionic liquids influence the assembly of the POMs by functioning as templates and can potentially create selective architectures.14 3.2 Linking clusters Lacunary structures have been used as precursor molecules with other metal ions as linkers to produce high nuclearity POMs.11,15 This is often known as the ‘building block strategy’.{16} It opens up opportunities to expand the POM size beyond what has currently been synthesised. However, difficulties have been found due to the architecture of the potential building blocks rearranging and reorganizing due to not being stable enough in solution. Due to the stability of tungsten POMs this methodology is widely used within tungsten chemistry; however, these limitations cause problems for other complexes such as molybdenum. Stabilising the initial building blocks is currently a task being researched widely by several research groups.11,16 3.3 Counter ion effect As previously mentioned, POMs are charged species, generally anionic, and so must possess a counter ion. Anionic POMs possess cationic counter ions and vice versa. The properties of the counter ion i.e. size, charge etc, can affect the reactivity of the POM. The larger the counter ions, the more stable the POM is against aggregation. Amines are a common example of bulky counter ions which provide this stability. Organic amines have also been found to be capable of directing the self-assembly of small building blocks, enabling the creation of the desired structure.17 3.4 Top down A novel â€Å"top down† synthesis has been reported.18 Opposed to all previously mention syntheses this is a truly unique and novel idea. It suggests the idea of a pH controlled decomposition of a very large POM into smaller fragments. The large POM; [P4W52O178]24- , has confirmed this approach to be successful with the controlled fragmentation of [P3W39O134]19-, the scheme is shown in Figure 4.5 Not only could this technique potentially enable the formation of new architectures, but it could also help to identify the building blocks that made the POM in the first place, revealing new insights into the mechanism of formation. 4. Conclusion Polyoxometalates are a very versatile class of compounds. Their potential has been subdued in the past due to a lack of understanding and the traditional one-pot synthesis. With the discovery of the importance of POMs in their various applications, and in particular as molecular magnets, there have been many developments within the past decade with regard to their careful and controlled synthesis. However, the mechanism of formation of POMs is still not fully understood. The controlled design of the structure and function of POMs is still being investigated and there is little doubt it will lead to the engineered functionality required for many capabilities POMs are already showing to have. The debate between quantum and classical mechanics has been going on for centuries. Quantum properties describe those with discrete levels, whereas classical properties have a continuous scale. The idea that POMs can be used as a â€Å"stepping stone† between the quantum and classical magnetic behaviour has started to unite both the theories and has started collaborative research between both physicists and chemists. This breakthrough enables the development and use of POMs in quantum computing and miniaturisation of devices, paving the way for new and exciting technologies. 5. Reference List G. Johansson, Acta Chem. Scand., 1960, 14, 771-773. W. G. Klemperer, T. A. Marquart, and O. M. Yaghi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1992, 31, 49-51. B. Zhou, B. L. Sherriff, F. Taulelle, and G. Wu, Can. Mineral., 2003, 41, 891-903. J. F. Keggin, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1934, 144, 75-100. H. N. Miras, J. Yan, D. L. Long, and L. Cronin, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 7403-7430. W. Rozenbaum, D. Dormont, B. Spire, E. Vilmer, M. Gentilini, C. Griscelli, L. Montagnier, F. Barre-Sinoussi, and J. C. Chermann, Lancet, 1985, 1, 450-451. M. T. Pope, A. Muller, and Editors., Polyoxometalates: From Platonic Solids to Anti-Retroviral Activity. Kluwer, 1994, 411. D. Gatteschi, A. Caneschi, L. Pardi, and R. Sessoli, Science, 1994, 265, 1054-1058. E. C. Yang, C. Kirman, J. Lawrence, L. N. Zakharov, A. L. Rheingold, S. Hill, and D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 3827-3836. J. Liu, J. Guo, B. Zhao, G. Xu, and M. Li, Transition Met. Chem., 1993, 18, 205-208. H. Abbas, A. L. Pickering, D. L. Long, P. Kogerler, and L. Cronin, Chem. Eur. J., 2005, 11, 1071-1078. J. Lehmann, A. Gaita-Arino, E. Coronado, and D. Loss, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2007, 2, 312-317. A. Muller, F. Peters, M. T. Pope, and D. Gatteschi, Chem. Rev., 1998, 98, 239-271. A. S. Pakhomova and S. V. Krivovichev, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2010, 13, 1463-1465. D. L. Long, H. Abbas, P. Kogerler, and L. Cronin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 13880-13881. J. M. Cameron, J. Gao, L. Vilà ¡-Nadal, D. L. Long, and L. Cronin, Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 2155-2157. Y. Jun, L. De-Liang, N. M. Haralampos, and L. Cronin, Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 1819-1825. C. P. Pradeep, D. L. Long, C. Streb, and L. Cronin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 14946-14947.

The Image of Nursing

The Image of Nursing Dawn Davis Texas A&M University-Texarkana The Image of Nursing Following is a discussion of the image of nursing and professional identity. Factors contributing to nursing image and the effects of nursing image are included. The Image of Nursing What is the professional identity, or the image of nursing? How does the public view this hardworking profession? Do they understand what a nurse does? Do they understand the thought processes involved in caring for patients. Do they understand the knowledge involved in critical thinking?Do they have any idea that we formulate plans of care and that we put together nursing diagnosis with treatment plans, nursing interventions, expected outcomes? Do they understand that we are their advocates? Do they understand that all care is channeled through nursing and that we are their main defense for patient safety? Are we professionals in the eyes of the public, and in our own eyes? For my own research on this paper, I randomly q uizzed ten people that I met in public, not people that knew me personally. I asked them what they thought of nurses, and asked them to give me some adjectives to describe nurses in general.Some of the positive responses that I received were; kind, caring, cool, they help the doctors, they take care of patients, outstanding, knew what they were doing, they saved my life, and excellent. I also received some negatives. One person told me that they knew one nurse that was totally uncaring, unprofessional, and mean. Another individual told me that many years ago her son, who passed away, was HIV positive and she felt that the nurses neglected him because of his diagnosis. I was appalled at the negative answers, and somewhat disappointed with the positives.While the positives that I received were all fantastic traits, not one person mentioned traits such as educated or professional. My very limited random research was completely in line with the findings in our text book, Professional Is sues in Nursing. So, it would seem that, in general, the public doesn’t completely understand the wide scope of nursing. They understand some of the basic functions of nursing. The few random individuals that I spoke with based their perceptions mainly on personal past experiences with nurses. Nursing Image What is Nursing Image?This is a concept that needs more clarification and study to increase nurse’s awareness of factors that affect public perception. â€Å"Understanding the moral values in today’s nursing practice will help nurses to work together with a common comprehension of their aims. This should also allow greater appreciation of the practice of nursing highlighting the equal importance of both fundamental basic nursing care and the advanced clinical roles† (Horton, Tschudin, & Forget, 2007) Nursing image also affects the decision to enter nursing as a profession, to remain in nursing, and to encourage others to become a nurse.A broad definiti on is â€Å"Nursing Image is a multidimensional, all-inclusive, paradoxical, dynamic, and complex concept. † (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) To further define: * All-inclusive and paradoxical refers to both stereotypical and professional image. * Dynamic includes the changing view of nursing as a profession. * Complex, because many factors influence the formation of the image. Factors affecting Nursing Image Many factors combine to influence the image of nursing as a profession.Some of The factors include media, poor communication and visibility, clothing style, the nurses’ behaviors, gender issues, and professional organizations. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Media- Historically media has not painted a very professional image of nursing, although, recently this has improved to portray a more capable, independent, strong, intelligent individual. * Poor communication and invisibility- Nursing is an invisible profession and this is a major threat to nursing’s social status and perceived value.It is believed that since nursing is mostly female, that there is poor communication with media and reporters. Nurses also somewhat reluctant to share knowledge, experience, expertise, competence, and intelligence to change portrayal in the media. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Clothing style- Appearance is the first thing a person notices. A professional uniform that also defines them from other disciplines increases professionalism. * Nurses’ behaviors- Some believe that the nurse is not identified as professional individual, we refer to the physician as Dr. ___, and the nurse is known by the first name. Different levels of nursing education do the same job; this may devalue nursing as an intellectual profession. Nurses with negative image of nursing may also project that to others. â€Å"Self-image shapes behavior and performance in the workplace and affects how we think and act. † (Fletc her, 2007) * Gender issues- Generally nursing is viewed as a female dominated profession. Men are normally viewed as having positions of power. Women are thought of as caring, more emotional and less aggressive than men.This gender stereotype tends to limit the number of males recruited and retained in nursing. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) * Professional organizations-Globally, there are 14 million nurses. Nurses are the largest group of health professionals in the world. Unfortunately, there is limited unity. Involvement in professional organizations, and standing together on issues is important in changing nursing image and increasing professional identity. (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali, & Mohammadi, 2012) Effects of Nursing Image on NursingOne very important effect of public misunderstanding of the profession of nursing and the knowledge and skill required is a limited number of potential candidates for the future of nursing. Thirty years ago a significant number of young people would have chosen to be a nurse when they grow up, less than 5% of students responded so in a 2004 study. (Huston, Professional Issues in Nursing, 2010) Another important factor is that inaccurate nursing stereotypes may have a negative effect on the self-esteem f nursing as a whole. Both of these factors combined lead to increase in nursing shortage, short-staffing, heavy workload, job dissatisfaction, and burn-out. This can lead to current nurses leaving the profession. In general, nurses’ image of nursing tends to be better than that of the public. This is related to the fact that nurses are educated about the profession. I also asked several Registered Nurses to give adjectives to describe nursing.I received responses such as; educated, professional, critical thinkers, overworked, advocates, compassionate, unappreciated, caring, researchers, knowledgeable, multitasker, empathetic, thorough, supportive, educators, and leaders. Many changes need to be made to c hange the image of nursing in public view. Nurses must be heard in the media. Nurses must speak positively about their profession. The public needs to be educated about the profession of nursing. Nurses should act, perform, and dress like professionals. Nurses should actively encourage bright individuals to join the profession.Current nurses should positively socialize nursing students, and new nurses, acting as optimistic and confident mentors, sharing their expertise. Nurses should join and be active in professional organizations, to increase unity, and be active in the political processes. Imagine the strength and respect nursing would command if half of the nurses joined. In summary, the image of nursing needs to be changed for the better. Change starts with the profession itself. Every nurse should take accountability to make these positive changes through action, involvement, education, and behavior.Bibliography Fletcher, K. (2007). Image: changing how women nurses think about themselves. The Author, 207-215. Horton, K. , Tschudin, V. , & Forget, A. (2007). The Value of Nursing: A Literature Review. Sage Publication. Huston, C. J. (2010). Professional Issues in Nursing (second ed. ). (H. Surrena, Ed. ) Philadelphia, PA, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rezaei-Adaryani, M. , Salsali, M. , & Mohammadi, E. (2012, December). Nursing Image: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 81-89.